Mike Krzyzewski is really a famous coach of Dream Team. She has coached north america men's basketball team for some time, that's clinched numerous medals for his country. Following London Olympic was over, Krzyzewski told The Associated Press that this game will be his final one as national coach, a job he's held for seven years. He had left open the possibility of staying with the team beyond the London Games, when practice on Saturday said these will be his last Olympics.When asked if he was sure, Krzyzewski didn't hesitate before again saying, "yes," this will be his last game "If we could win it, then it might be three major championships in a row, i always do not know when that has been done because we haven't usually won the globe championships," Krzyzewski said. "It becomes an enormous thing for the program." Whatever, he's an awesome coach. His achievement are going to be remembered by the country.
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红茶初加工工艺技术流程介绍

2013-11-5 23:55:56点击:
 红茶初加工工艺技术如下-- 
  一、原料准备 
  1 采摘标准。红茶原料要求有较高的嫩度,一般春茶采摘标准为1芽2叶或1芽3叶初展,夏秋茶为1芽1叶或1芽2叶初展。 
  2 采摘时间。应选择晴天,待露水干后采摘。一天中的采摘时间因季节而不同,一般春茶上午9~10点钟采摘的上午青,制茶品质比晚青好;夏秋茶以下午3点后采摘的晚青制茶品质好。 
  3 储运要求。在采摘、运送、贮放等一系列操作过程中,应使用清洁、透气性良好的茶篮和竹筐装运,尽量保持鲜叶的新鲜度与完整性,避免茶芽受损氧化,而发生局部红变现象。严禁用编织袋装运鲜叶。 
  4 鲜叶分级。不同鲜叶含水量、内含物各不相同,必须对每一批次的鲜叶按品种、嫩度、大小进行分级,防止混杂,做到品种相同、鲜嫩一致、大小均匀。否则,易造成发酵不匀、品质不好的后果。 
  二、工艺流程 
  红茶初制工艺技术流程分四道工序:萎凋→揉捻→发酵→干燥。 
  1 萎凋。萎凋叶含水量以58%~62%为适度,具体要根据不同的生产季节而定,掌握的基本原则是“老叶嫩萎凋”、“嫩叶老萎凋”。一般春茶萎凋程度宜重,含水量控制在58%~60%,以消除青气青味;夏秋茶宜轻,含水量控制在60%~62%,鲜爽度好。感官判断萎凋适度为:叶质和嫩茎萎软,失去鲜态时的挺展和脆性,握叶柔软、稍粘、可成团,嫩茎弯曲不断;叶色失去表面的鲜绿光泽成无光泽的暗绿色,叶面呈皱;鲜叶原有的青气基本消失并散发清香。 
  2 揉捻。揉捻室的温度要求在20~24℃,相对湿度85%~95%,并避免阳光直射,保持室内空气新鲜。夏秋茶季节气温高、湿度低,可在揉捻室地面洒冷水或喷雾,以降低室温,提高相对湿度。 
  采用920型的揉捻机外,也可采用65或55型的揉捻机,一般大型揉捻机投叶量(萎凋叶,下同)在100~120㎏,小型揉捻机投叶量在约35㎏。投叶量要适中,超量投叶,会造成叶子在揉捅中翻动受阻,出现揉捻程度不匀,且会使揉捻叶温升高。一般采用两次揉捻,第一次揉捻后,将揉捻叶投入解块分解机,通过2~3目筛网,筛下的叶紧条细,直接进入发酵室发酵,筛面粗松揉叶进行第二次揉捻。一般揉捻90min,第一次揉捻50min,筛面揉捻叶复揉40min,较老的叶子,可延长揉捻时间。对于嫩度高、匀度好的叶子可一次揉捻。 
  3 发酵。发酵摊叶厚度一般为10~15㎝,小叶种、筛下茶、气温高的可薄些;大叶种、气温低的可厚些;春茶厚些,夏秋茶薄些,注意发酵叶不能紧压。发酵时间一般为3~5 h,但发酵时间的长短因发酵条件、揉捻程度、叶质老嫩,茶叶品种、生产季节而差异很大,应以发酵适度为准。 
  感官判定发酵适度的特征是叶色90%以上变为铜红色,青气逐渐消失,发出清新鲜浓的花果香,叶脉及汁液泛红。颜色深浅随季节和鲜叶老嫩而略有差异,春茶及嫩叶一般红叶透黄,呈黄红色,夏秋茶及老叶呈红黄色。春茶气温低,发酵必须充分;夏秋气温高,在干燥的前一阶段发酵仍继续进行,如果待发酵充足时才干燥,则往往造成发酵过度,因此75%发酵叶泛红即可上烘。 
  4 干燥。目前红茶干燥多采用二次干燥,中间摊晾一次,采取“高温毛火、低温足火”。发酵叶含水约为50%~60%,所以要求毛火温度要高,一般毛火的进风口温度要求在110~120℃,以迅速灭活氧化;足火80℃左右,风量小些,时间长些,以充分形成香气。毛火与足火之间一般要摊晾20min。 
  红茶干燥采取毛火和足火两道工序,毛火后用手捏稍感刺手,但叶子尚软、折而不断,紧握茶叶放手即能松散,有醇香,叶子含水量约为20%,即可进行足火。足火后用手一揉茶叶成粉末,茶香明显,条索紧结乌润,含水量约7%左右。